Pembaharuan Hukum Perkawinan Di Dunia Muslim Modern Dinamika dan Ragamnya
Abstract
The phenomenon of the 20th century in the Islamic world is that there are efforts to reform family law by countries with Muslim-majority populations. This is done as a response to the dynamics that occur in the community. In general, the objectives are to: (1) unify the marriage law, (2) improve the status of women (3) and respond to the developments and demands of the times because the traditional fiqh concept is considered incapable of answering it. The history of Islamic family law reform begins with Turkey, as the first country to reform Muslim family law, followed by Lebanon and Egypt, then Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia. The conception is based on three things, namely: (1) Conception of Family Law, (2) Sources of Family Law, namely the sources of Islamic family law are the Qur'an and Al-Hadith. The two sources are then excavated, the results of which can be in the form of fiqh, fatwas and even laws and regulations (qânun). (3) The method and purpose of reforming Islamic family law is to create a kind of legal unification. While the main goal is to increase the status of women by adjusting to the times. The reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia came to the fore starting with the official recognition of the religious courts (PA) as 'judicial power' in a state of law through Article 10 of Law no. 14 of 1970. Furthermore, the position, authority or jurisdiction and organization has been regulated and described in Law no. 7 of 1989, Law no.
3 of 2006, which has the authority to adjudicate certain cases: (1) marriage, (2) inheritance, (3) will, (4) grant, (5) waqf, (6) infaq, (7) shadaqah, (8) zakat and (9) sharia economy, for the Muslim population.
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