Makna Huruf Muqaṭṭa’ah Perspektif Tafsir Mu’tazilah dan Ahlussunnah (Studi Komparatif Tafsir Al-Kasysyāf dan Tafsir Mafātih Al-Ghayb)
Abstract
The ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿah constitute one of the unique phenomena in the Qur’an, carrying both linguistic and theological dimensions, and they remain a subject of ongoing debate among exegetes. This study focuses on exploring the meaning of the ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿah from the perspective of two major theological traditions in Islam: The Muʿtazilite interpretation as articulated in Tafsīr al-Kasysyāf by al-Zamakhsharī, and the Ahlussunnah interpretation as presented in Tafsīr Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb by Fakhruddin al-Rāzī. This research differs from previous studies, which generally focused only on two or three particular instances of the ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿah. The research employs a qualitative methodology with a comparative approach and content analysis. The primary sources are drawn directly from the two exegetical works, while secondary references are taken from tafsīr literature, Islamic theology (ʿilm al-kalām), and studies of Qur’anic linguistics. The findings reveal that al-Zamakhsharī, it was discovered that al-Zamakhsharī emphasized a rational and linguistic approach, linking it to the aspect of the Qur’an’s i‘jāz as a challenge to the beauty of the Arabic language. In contrast, al-Rāzī combined language, philosophy, and Sufism, thereby opening opportunities for diverse interpretations and placing the element of tawaqquf (suspension of judgment without clear evidence) as an acknowledgment of the limitations of human reason in comprehending the divine intent. These different approaches reflect the distinct epistemological and theological foundations of the two scholars, while at the same time enriching the corpus of classical Qur’anic exegesis.
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