Fikih Muamalah Kontemporer pada Ekosistem Maritim: Studi Relasi Nelayan dan Pemilik Kapal
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the profit-sharing practices between shipowners and fishermen at Muara Angke Port and evaluate the cooperation system based on Fiqh Muamalah. Using a qualitative approach with field research methods, data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with relevant informants, and documentation. The results show that the cooperation practices use a percentage system adjusted to the responsibilities of each party on the ship. Although generally, profit distribution is carried out with a clear agreement (ratio of 50:50 or 60:40), there is a discrepancy in the aspect of bearing the risk of loss. Based on the review of Fiqh Muamalah, the contract used is classified as mudharabah muqayyadah due to location and time restrictions. However, fully burdening the fishermen with financial losses on some ships makes the contract fasid (damaged) because it contradicts sharia principles where capital losses should be borne by the capital owner (shahibul maal).
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