Fenomena Wahyu Al-Quran
Analisis Konsep Pewahyuan Perspektif Sīrah Nabawiyyah
Abstract
Some Western scholars argue that the Qur’an is a historical text that reflects Muḥammad’s reflection on the socio-cultural dynamics of seventh-century Arab society. In the hands of several modern Muslim scholars, the assumption of the historicity of the Qur’an is used as a basis for contextual reinterpretation, although in general they still acknowledge its divinity. This paper intends to conceptualize the phenomenon of Qur’anic revelation through an analysis of the chronology of its revelation as explained in sīrah nabawiyyah. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the process of Qur’anic revelation was external, did not originate from the Prophet Muhammad’s idea. Its revelation is a transcendent process as well as the concept of revelation understood in every religious tradition, even though it is intended for human benefit. The assumption of the historicity of Qur’anic revelation does not get strong support from sīrah’s data.
References
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Abū Zayd, Naṣr Ḥamid, Mafhūm al-Naṣṣ: Dirāsah fī ‘Ulūm Al-Qur’ān, Kairo: Hay’ah al-Maṣriyyah al-‘Āmmah li-al-Kitāb, 1993.
Abū Zayd, Naṣr Ḥamid, Naqd al-Khiṭāb ad-Dīnī, Kairo: Sīnā li-al-Nashr, 1994.
Abū Zayd, Naṣr Ḥamid, al-Naṣṣ, as-Sulṭah, al-Ḥaqīqah: al-Fikr al-Dīnī bayn Irādat al-Ma‘rifah wa Irādat al-Haymanah, Beirut: Markaz al-Thaqāfī al-‘Arabī, 1994.
Al-‘Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Fatḥ al-Bārī bi-Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Kairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2004.
Auda, Jaser, Al-Kāmil fī-Fiqh al-Maqaṣid, Vigninia: al-Ma’had al-‘Ālāmī li-Al-Fikr al-Islāmī, 2006.
‘Audah, Jasser, Maqāṣid ash-Sharī‘ah; Dalīl li-al-Mubtadi’īn, Beirut: al-Ma‘had al-Islāmi li-al-Fikr al-Islāmi, 2011.
Azami, Muhammad Mustafá, The History of the Quranic Text From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, Kuala Lumpur: Al-Qalam Publishing, 2011.
Al-Būṭī, Sa‘id Ramḍān, Fiqh al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Mu‘āṣir, 1991.
Cragg, Kenneth, Troubled by Truth, Bishop Aucland: Pentland Press Ltd., 1992.
Cragg, Kenneth, The Event of the Qur›an: Islam in Its Scripture, Oxford: Oneworld Publication, 1994.
Duderija, Adis, “Progressive Muslims: Defining and Delineating Identities and Ways of Being a Muslim,”Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 1, March 2010.
Duderija, Adis, “Neo-Traditional Salafi Qur’an-Sunna Hermeneutics and Its Interpretational Implications,”Religion Compass 5/7, 2011.
Al-Ghazālī, Muhammad, Fiqh al-Sīrah, Kairo: Dār al-Shurūq, 2003.
Hitti, Philip K., History of The Arabs, terj. R. Cecep Lukman dan Dedi Slamet Riyadi, Jakarta: Serambi, 2006.
Imām al-Nawāwī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim bi-Sharḥ al-Nawāwī, Kairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1998.
Al-Karīm, ‘Abd Allāh ‘Abd, “Kenneth Cragg and the Qur’an: A Critica Analysis, ”Journal of Qur›anic Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2005), h. 54.
Kusmana, “Hermeneutika Humanistik Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd: Al-Qur’ān sebagai Wacana,” Kanz Philosophia, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Desember 2012)
Lewis, Bernard, The Arabs in History, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Muḥammad, Isma‘īl ‘Alī, al-Ishtishrāq: Bayn al-Ḥaqīqah wa al-Taḍlīl, Kairo: Dār al-Kalimah, 2012.
Mula, Stefano, “The History of the Prophet in the Golden Legend,” Modern Philology, Vol. 101, No. 2, November 2003.
Mulyadi Kartanegara, Essentials of Islamic Epistemology, Bandar Seri Begawan: UBD Press, 2014.
Neuwirth, Anglika, “Orientalism in Oriental Studies? Qur›anic Studies as a Case in Point,” Journal of Qur›anic Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2007.
Rahman, Fazlur, Islam, History of Religion Series (New York: Rinehart & Wilson, 1995.
Rahman, Fazlur, Major Themes of The Qur’an, Chicago: The University of Chicago Prsess, 2009.
Rahman, Yusuf, The Hermeneutical of Theory of Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd: An Analytical Study of His Method of Interpreting the Qur’an, Disertasi, Monteral: Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, 2001.
Saeed, Abdullah, “Rethingking ‘Revelation’ as a Precondition for Reinterpreting the Qur’an: A Qur’anic Perspective,” Journal of Qur›anic Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1999.
Saeed, Abdullah, The Qur’an: An Introduction, New York: Routledge, 2008.
Salim, Fahmi, Kritik terhadap Studi Al-Qur’an Kaum Liberal, Jakarta: Perspektif, 2012.
As-Ṣallābī, ‘Alī Muhammad, as-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah: ‘Arḍ Waqā‘i wa Taḥlīl Aḥdāth, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, 2008.
Shuhbah, Muhammad Abū, as-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam, 1999.
Sukidi, “Naṣr Ḥamid Abū Zayd and the Quest for a Humanistic Hermeneutics of the Qur›ān,” Die Welt des Islams, New Series, Vol. 49, Issue 2 (2009).
Zwemer, Samuel Marinus, Arabia: The Cradle of Islam, New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1900.
