Al-Dakhil in Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyyah: Ibn ‘Arabi’s Analysis of Surah Al-Fatihah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33511/alfanar.v8n2.147-160Keywords:
Al-dakhil, Ibn ‘Arabi, Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyyah, sufi exegesisAbstract
The study of al-dakhil in Quranic exegesis serves as an important instrument for evaluating the validity of sources and the authority of interpretation, particularly in Sufi exegetical works that frequently incorporate symbolic (ishari) and metaphysical interpretations. One of the most prominent works within this tradition is Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyyah by Ibn ‘Arabī, whose interpretation of Surah Al-Fatihah reflects a strong orientation toward philosophical Sufism. This article aims to identify the forms of al-dakhīl in Ibn ‘Arabī’s interpretation of Surah Al-Fatiḥah and to analyze the factors underlying their emergence. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis, the study utilizes Al-Futūhāt al-Makkiyyah as its primary source, while secondary data are drawn from relevant literature on al-dakhil, Sufi exegesis, and Ibn ‘Arabī’s intellectual thought. The analysis is conducted using ‘Abd al-Wahhab Fāyed’s theory of al-dakhil, alongside the criteria of al-aṣīl in Sufi exegesis, namely conformity with Arabic linguistic principles and consistency with Islamic legal teachings. The findings reveal six instances of al-dakhīl in the interpretation of Surah Al-Fātihah, consisting of one fabricated ḥadīth categorized as al-dakhil al-ma’thūr dakhlan shadidan, two ishari interpretations classified as al-dakhil al-ishari dakhlan shadidan, and three ishari interpretations categorized as al-dakhil al-ishari dakhlan yasiran. These findings indicate that Ibn ‘Arabī’s philosophical-Sufi orientation constitutes the dominant factor behind the emergence of al-dakhil, while also underscoring the importance of critically evaluating the validity of Sufi exegesis within contemporary Quranic studies.
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