Integrating Local Wisdom In Transformative Islamic Education: A Sustainable Model For Character Development At Madrasah Aliyah
Keywords:
Local wisdom, transformative Islamic education, character development, local value integration, madrasah
Abstract
Islamic education in Indonesia faces the challenge of integrating rich local values with more holistic educational goals. This study explores local wisdom's application in transformative Islamic education, focusing on student character development at MAN 1 Kudus and MAN Demak. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviewed to 18 informants, participatory observation and document analysis. The results showed that integrating local values such as unggah-ungguh, guyub, srawung, and nrimo ing pandum has successfully strengthened students' character in social responsibility, tolerance, and spiritual resilience. However, the main challenges in implementation are the diversity of local values in Indonesia and educators' limited understanding of the importance of local wisdom integration. The findings suggest further training for educators and closer collaboration between madrasahs, families and communities. This research contributes to developing local wisdom-based Islamic education models and opens opportunities for further studies on applying similar models in different cultural contexts.
References
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Arsal, T., Setyowati, D. L., & Hardati, P. (2023). The inheritance of local wisdom for maintaining peace in multicultural society. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 15(2), 137–151. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-01-2022-0673
Astuti. (2024). Value-based islamic education management: Developing leadership and commitment in contemporary islamic school environments. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(5), 454–464. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i5.1709
Aulia, N. D., Pratiwi, A., Nuri, A. Y., Rahmah, R., Nasution, A. M., & Yusnaldi, E. (2025). Integrasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran IPS di SD Untuk Membentuk Karakter Cinta Budaya. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research, 29–39. https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v6i1.2232
Awaludin, A. (2024). Documenting the Half-Century Evolution of Islamic Education Research: A Probabilistic Topic Modeling Study of the Literature from 1970 to 2023. Studia Islamika, 31(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v31i3.41513
Azwar, W. (2018). The resistance of local wisdom towards radicalism: The study of the tarekat community of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(1), 75–102. Scopus.
Bandura, A. (with Internet Archive). (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall. http://archive.org/details/sociallearningth0000band
Bassar, A. S., Ruswandi, U., & Erihadiana, M. (2021). Pendidikan Islam: Peluang dan Tantangan di Era Global dan Multikultural. J-PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18860/jpai.v8i1.9577
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Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.545-547
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Effendi, Y. R., Bafadal, I., Sudana, I. N. D., & Arifin, I. (2020). Investigating principal transformational leadership in strengthening Lonto Leok’s cultural-based character education. International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership, 27(2), 89–113. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18848/2329-1656/CGP/V27I02/89-113
Gustafsson, J. (2024). Case Studies. In Advanced Research Methods for Applied Psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Haki, U., Prahastiwi, E. D., & Selatan, U. T. (2024). Strategi Pengumpulan dan Analisis Data dalam Penelitian Kualitatif Pendidikan. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.46306/jurinotep.v3i1.67
Hakim, A., Saepudin, D., & Husaini, A. (2024). Implementation of KH. Hasyim Asy’ari’s Educational Concept in the Perspective of Jihad by Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah. Asian Journal of Philosophy and Religion, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajpr.v3i2.12054
Halkias, D., Neubert, M., Thurman, P. W., & Harkiolakis, N. (2022). The Multiple Case Study Design: Methodology and Application for Management Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003244936
Hasan, N. (2020). The social construction of islamic education through the internalization of traditional values and regional culture. Elementary Education Online, 19(3), 148–159. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.03.112
Huda, M. (2021). Islamic philosophy and ethics of education: Al-zarnūjī’s concept of taʻẓīm in his ta‘līm al-muta‘allim. Ulumuna, 25(2), 399–421. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v25i2.464
Husni, H. (2024). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584), 4(02), Article 02. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i02.5231
Ilham, M., & Rahman, F. (2024). Character Education of Local Wisdom-based: A Study of Moral Aspect of Quotes belong to Bugis People. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3), 1125–1140. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i3.3443
Inayati, F., Kurahman, O. T., & Rusmana, D. (2024). Analisis Integrasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Journal of Creative Student Research, 2(6), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.55606/jcsr-politama.v2i6.4621
Karomi, K., Arifin, I., Mustiningsih, & Citriadin, Y. (2025). Educational Transformation Through Local Values: Exploring the Effects of Lebur Anyong and Saling Sedok on Community Engagement and Learning Outcomes in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(2), e03710–e03710. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe03710
Khan, N. I. (2022). Case Study as a Method of Qualitative Research. In Research Anthology on Innovative Research Methodologies and Utilization Across Multiple Disciplines (pp. 452–472). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3881-7.ch023
Latifah, L. (2024). History of Islamic Education in Indonesia. HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.58355/historical.v3i2.94
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
Mahartini, K. T., Suastra, I. W., Sudiana, I. N., Gading, I. K., & Sanjaya, D. B. (2024). Crafting cultural narratives: Developing storybooks enriched with Bali’s local heritage to improve students’ understanding of spiritual and social attitude. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 9322–9327. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3995
Mezirow, J. (1978). Perspective transformation. Adult Education Quarterly, 28(2), 100–110. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171367802800202
Mr, M. I. F., Anam, A. M., Agustinova, D. A., Prasastiawati, D., Awalin, F. R. N., & Yaacob, N. H. (2024). Community-based Islamic education: Democratizing learning through local wisdom. Jurnal Ilmiah WUNY, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v6i2.76362
Muurlink, O., & Thomsen, B. (2024). Qualitative Research Approaches to Social Phenomena. In Advanced Research Methods for Applied Psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Novitasari, N., & Walid, A. (2024). Character Education Based on Local Wisdom in Learning Science: A Systematic Literature. PPSDP International Journal of Education, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.313
Purba, D. A., Suhadi, J., & Purwarno, P. (2021). Local Wisdom of Dayok Binatur in the Simalungun Community. KnE Social Sciences, 250–260. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v5i4.8684
Purwaningsih, E., & Ridha, R. (2024). The Role of Traditional Cultural Values in Character Education. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 5305–5314. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00396
Rahayu, R. (2024). Kearifan Lokal Dalam Prasasti Kawali: Implikasi Untuk Pendidikan Multikultural di Indonesia. JIS SIWIRABUDA, 2(2), 173–177. https://doi.org/10.58878/jissiwirabuda.v2i2.300
Rohana, E. (2018). Character Education Relation with Spiritual Intelligence in Islamic Education Perspective. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 6(2), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v6i2.4803
S, A. M., & Das, S. W. H. (2025). Multicultural Education Paradigm Based Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia. Harmony Philosophy: International Journal of Islamic Religious Studies and Sharia, 2(1), 01–22. https://doi.org/10.70062/harmonyphilosophy.v2i1.27
Shackleton, R. T., Malherbe, W., & Biggs, R. (O. (2024). Resilience. In Elgar Encyclopedia of Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity (pp. 433–437). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035317967.ch96
Suri, D., & Chandra, D. (2021). Teacher’s strategy for implementing multiculturalism education based on local cultural values and character building for early childhood education. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 8(4), 271–285. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/937
Taufikin, T. (2021). Pesantren as the Three Centers of Education Perspective of Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Dinamika Ilmu, 21(1), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.3149
Taufikin, T. (2022). Pesantren: Pendidikan Khas Indonesia, Tangguh di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Tarbawiyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.32332/tarbawiyah.v5i2.4285
Untung, S., Mustakim, Z., Afroni, A., Kholid, M., & Rokhmah, A. (2022). Local Wisdom-Based Learning Innovation on Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Digital Era. Edukasia Islamika, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.28918/jei.v7i1.733
Uyun, M., Fahmi, I., Fitriani, Alimron, & Pratama, I. P. (2024). The role of local wisdom, cultural values, and religious values on cultivating social awareness and enhancing integrity in students. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 12(4), 1224–1238. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v12i4.3906
Wibowo, B. M., Ramadhani, E., Putri, D. H., Wati, L. L., Farhati, N. M., Yuliyanti, N. P., Zahra, A. N., & Syafia, A. A. D. (2025). Dissemination of Indonesian Nasionalism and Islamic Religiosity Trough Podcast. TATHO: International Journal of Islamic Thought and Sciences, 11–24. https://doi.org/10.70512/tatho.v2i1.54
Yusuf, R., Arifin, A. M., Octaviana, U., Abbas, S., Syawal, J., & Nurbaya, N. (2024). Integrating Local Wisdom in Character Education: A Collaborative Model for Teachers, Parents, and Communities. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i3.5271
Abidin, A. M. (2021). PENDIDIKAN MORAL DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM. Jurnal Paris Langkis, 2(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37304/paris.v2i1.3282
Afriyanto, D., & Anandari, A. A. (2024). Transformation of Islamic Religious Education in the Context of Multiculturalism at SMA Negeri 9 Yogyakarta Through an Inclusive Approach. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 21(1), 1–21. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v21i1.7142
Agustina, A. M. (2022). Between Culture and The Sacredness of Fiqh: The Role of Lebe in Child Marriage Practices in Brebes, Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v3i2.858
Arsal, T., Setyowati, D. L., & Hardati, P. (2023). The inheritance of local wisdom for maintaining peace in multicultural society. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 15(2), 137–151. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-01-2022-0673
Astuti. (2024). Value-based islamic education management: Developing leadership and commitment in contemporary islamic school environments. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(5), 454–464. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i5.1709
Aulia, N. D., Pratiwi, A., Nuri, A. Y., Rahmah, R., Nasution, A. M., & Yusnaldi, E. (2025). Integrasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran IPS di SD Untuk Membentuk Karakter Cinta Budaya. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research, 29–39. https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v6i1.2232
Awaludin, A. (2024). Documenting the Half-Century Evolution of Islamic Education Research: A Probabilistic Topic Modeling Study of the Literature from 1970 to 2023. Studia Islamika, 31(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v31i3.41513
Azwar, W. (2018). The resistance of local wisdom towards radicalism: The study of the tarekat community of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(1), 75–102. Scopus.
Bandura, A. (with Internet Archive). (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall. http://archive.org/details/sociallearningth0000band
Bassar, A. S., Ruswandi, U., & Erihadiana, M. (2021). Pendidikan Islam: Peluang dan Tantangan di Era Global dan Multikultural. J-PAI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18860/jpai.v8i1.9577
Bogdan, R. (with Internet Archive). (1998). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. http://archive.org/details/qualitativeresea0000bogd
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.545-547
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Damianakis, T., Barrett, B., Archer-Kuhn, B., Samson, P., Matin, S., & Ahern, C. (2025). Teaching for Transformation: Master of Social Work Students Identify Teaching Approaches That Made a Difference. Journal of Transformative Education, 23(2), 219–240. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344619865948
Effendi, Y. R., Bafadal, I., Degeng, I. N. S., & Arifin, I. (2020). The principal’s transformational leadership approach based on local wisdom in strengthening the character of students. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 8(4), 24–42. Scopus.
Effendi, Y. R., Bafadal, I., Sudana, I. N. D., & Arifin, I. (2020). Investigating principal transformational leadership in strengthening Lonto Leok’s cultural-based character education. International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership, 27(2), 89–113. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18848/2329-1656/CGP/V27I02/89-113
Gustafsson, J. (2024). Case Studies. In Advanced Research Methods for Applied Psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Haki, U., Prahastiwi, E. D., & Selatan, U. T. (2024). Strategi Pengumpulan dan Analisis Data dalam Penelitian Kualitatif Pendidikan. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.46306/jurinotep.v3i1.67
Hakim, A., Saepudin, D., & Husaini, A. (2024). Implementation of KH. Hasyim Asy’ari’s Educational Concept in the Perspective of Jihad by Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah. Asian Journal of Philosophy and Religion, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajpr.v3i2.12054
Halkias, D., Neubert, M., Thurman, P. W., & Harkiolakis, N. (2022). The Multiple Case Study Design: Methodology and Application for Management Education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003244936
Hasan, N. (2020). The social construction of islamic education through the internalization of traditional values and regional culture. Elementary Education Online, 19(3), 148–159. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.03.112
Huda, M. (2021). Islamic philosophy and ethics of education: Al-zarnūjī’s concept of taʻẓīm in his ta‘līm al-muta‘allim. Ulumuna, 25(2), 399–421. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v25i2.464
Husni, H. (2024). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584), 4(02), Article 02. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i02.5231
Ilham, M., & Rahman, F. (2024). Character Education of Local Wisdom-based: A Study of Moral Aspect of Quotes belong to Bugis People. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3), 1125–1140. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i3.3443
Inayati, F., Kurahman, O. T., & Rusmana, D. (2024). Analisis Integrasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Journal of Creative Student Research, 2(6), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.55606/jcsr-politama.v2i6.4621
Karomi, K., Arifin, I., Mustiningsih, & Citriadin, Y. (2025). Educational Transformation Through Local Values: Exploring the Effects of Lebur Anyong and Saling Sedok on Community Engagement and Learning Outcomes in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(2), e03710–e03710. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe03710
Khan, N. I. (2022). Case Study as a Method of Qualitative Research. In Research Anthology on Innovative Research Methodologies and Utilization Across Multiple Disciplines (pp. 452–472). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3881-7.ch023
Latifah, L. (2024). History of Islamic Education in Indonesia. HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.58355/historical.v3i2.94
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
Mahartini, K. T., Suastra, I. W., Sudiana, I. N., Gading, I. K., & Sanjaya, D. B. (2024). Crafting cultural narratives: Developing storybooks enriched with Bali’s local heritage to improve students’ understanding of spiritual and social attitude. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 9322–9327. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3995
Mezirow, J. (1978). Perspective transformation. Adult Education Quarterly, 28(2), 100–110. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171367802800202
Mr, M. I. F., Anam, A. M., Agustinova, D. A., Prasastiawati, D., Awalin, F. R. N., & Yaacob, N. H. (2024). Community-based Islamic education: Democratizing learning through local wisdom. Jurnal Ilmiah WUNY, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v6i2.76362
Muurlink, O., & Thomsen, B. (2024). Qualitative Research Approaches to Social Phenomena. In Advanced Research Methods for Applied Psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Novitasari, N., & Walid, A. (2024). Character Education Based on Local Wisdom in Learning Science: A Systematic Literature. PPSDP International Journal of Education, 3(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed.v3i2.313
Purba, D. A., Suhadi, J., & Purwarno, P. (2021). Local Wisdom of Dayok Binatur in the Simalungun Community. KnE Social Sciences, 250–260. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v5i4.8684
Purwaningsih, E., & Ridha, R. (2024). The Role of Traditional Cultural Values in Character Education. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 5305–5314. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00396
Rahayu, R. (2024). Kearifan Lokal Dalam Prasasti Kawali: Implikasi Untuk Pendidikan Multikultural di Indonesia. JIS SIWIRABUDA, 2(2), 173–177. https://doi.org/10.58878/jissiwirabuda.v2i2.300
Rohana, E. (2018). Character Education Relation with Spiritual Intelligence in Islamic Education Perspective. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 6(2), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v6i2.4803
S, A. M., & Das, S. W. H. (2025). Multicultural Education Paradigm Based Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia. Harmony Philosophy: International Journal of Islamic Religious Studies and Sharia, 2(1), 01–22. https://doi.org/10.70062/harmonyphilosophy.v2i1.27
Shackleton, R. T., Malherbe, W., & Biggs, R. (O. (2024). Resilience. In Elgar Encyclopedia of Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity (pp. 433–437). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035317967.ch96
Suri, D., & Chandra, D. (2021). Teacher’s strategy for implementing multiculturalism education based on local cultural values and character building for early childhood education. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 8(4), 271–285. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/937
Taufikin, T. (2021). Pesantren as the Three Centers of Education Perspective of Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Dinamika Ilmu, 21(1), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.3149
Taufikin, T. (2022). Pesantren: Pendidikan Khas Indonesia, Tangguh di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Tarbawiyah : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.32332/tarbawiyah.v5i2.4285
Untung, S., Mustakim, Z., Afroni, A., Kholid, M., & Rokhmah, A. (2022). Local Wisdom-Based Learning Innovation on Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Digital Era. Edukasia Islamika, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.28918/jei.v7i1.733
Uyun, M., Fahmi, I., Fitriani, Alimron, & Pratama, I. P. (2024). The role of local wisdom, cultural values, and religious values on cultivating social awareness and enhancing integrity in students. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 12(4), 1224–1238. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v12i4.3906
Wibowo, B. M., Ramadhani, E., Putri, D. H., Wati, L. L., Farhati, N. M., Yuliyanti, N. P., Zahra, A. N., & Syafia, A. A. D. (2025). Dissemination of Indonesian Nasionalism and Islamic Religiosity Trough Podcast. TATHO: International Journal of Islamic Thought and Sciences, 11–24. https://doi.org/10.70512/tatho.v2i1.54
Yusuf, R., Arifin, A. M., Octaviana, U., Abbas, S., Syawal, J., & Nurbaya, N. (2024). Integrating Local Wisdom in Character Education: A Collaborative Model for Teachers, Parents, and Communities. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i3.5271
Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
TaufikinT. (2025). Integrating Local Wisdom In Transformative Islamic Education: A Sustainable Model For Character Development At Madrasah Aliyah . MISYKAT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Quran Hadits Syari’ah Dan Tarbiyah, 10(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.33511/misykat.v10n1.23-34
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