Wanprestasi dan Akibat Hukum Batalnya Kontrak Prespektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33511/almizan.v9n1.105-116Keywords:
Default, Islamic economic law, contract invalidation, taʿwīḍ, legal certaintyAbstract
Contracts constitute a fundamental instrument in Islamic economic transactions, serving as the basis for the rights and obligations of the contracting parties. In practice, contractual relationships may not proceed as agreed due to default (wanprestasi) or the failure to satisfy the legal requirements of a valid contract, which may lead to contract invalidation. Such conditions may result in legal consequences and financial losses that require examination from the perspective of Islamic economic law. This article aims to analyze the concept of default and the legal consequences of contract invalidation based on the fatwas of the National Sharia Board of the Indonesian Council of Ulama and Indonesian civil law. The study employs a qualitative method using content analysis. Data were collected from fatwas, statutory regulations, books, and relevant scholarly literature and analyzed descriptively. The findings reveal that default constitutes a breach of contractual obligations causing losses to another party and may therefore be subject to compensation (ta‘wid). Furthermore, contract invalidation may arise from the failure to fulfill the legal requirements of a valid agreement, including defects of consent caused by mistake, coercion, or fraud. These findings highlight the importance of compliance with contractual principles in ensuring legal certainty, justice, and the protection of parties in Islamic economic transactions.
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