Contract Structure and Risk Allocation in Supplier–Minimarket Transactions: An Islamic Commercial Law Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33511/almizan.v10n1.76-90Keywords:
Contractual structure, risk allocation, Fiqh Muamalah, deferred sale, supplier minimarket transactionsAbstract
Transactions between suppliers and minimarkets require clear contractual structures and risk allocation to ensure that the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of the parties are determined fairly in accordance with the principles of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah). Ambiguity in contractual arrangements may lead to differing interpretations regarding payment mechanisms, ownership rights, profit generation, and liability for losses arising during the transaction process. This article aims to analyze the contractual structure and risk allocation in supplier–minimarket transactions from the perspective of fiqh muamalah. The study employs a qualitative method with a case study design and a normative approach. Data were collected from transaction documents and documented interviews concerning procurement procedures, payment systems, profit arrangements, and responsibility for goods. The findings indicate that the transactions are conducted through a deferred-payment system based on invoice arrangements, while the treatment of unsold, expired, and damaged goods reflects varying patterns of risk allocation between suppliers and minimarkets. The analysis does not support classifying all legal relationships between the parties as shirkah al-wujuh; instead, the transactions predominantly exhibit the characteristics of deferred sales with specific return provisions. These findings highlight the importance of contractual clarity and well-defined risk allocation in ensuring legal certainty and compliance with the principles of fiqh muamalah.
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